Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus (1)

Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, is a rapidly growing global problem

with social, health, and economic consequences. Currently, millions of

adults worldwide suffer from this disease. The main reason for this is the

lack of control or treatment. Therefore it has been found that this number

will increase to millions more. And the disease has increased globally as

nearly 50% of diabetes patients go undiagnosed at an early stage.

              Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes. It is a group of

metabolic disorders. Simply put, diabetes is an abnormally high level of

sugar (glucose) in the blood. The pancreas is the main organ in the human

body that controls sugar levels. It will produce a hormone called insulin.

When the amount of glucose in the blood increases, that is, after eating, the

pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Insulin stimulates muscle and fat

cells to remove glucose from the blood, and the liver to metabolize glucose,

thereby lowering blood sugar to normal levels.

          Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin at all, is

not produced at a sufficient level, or is not produced effectively enough, so

the blood sugar level of the patient is high.  Two of the most common forms

of diabetes. Such as type 1 diabetes (5%), which is an autoimmune

disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95%), which is associated with obesity.

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.

           The primary symptoms of diabetes are excessive thirst (polydipsia ),

 frequent urination (polyuria), and increased hunger (polyphagia). It can

also include fatigue, blurred vision, numbness in the feet or hands, ulcers

that won't heal, and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may develop

rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 diabetes, while symptoms in type 2

diabetes may develop slowly or be absent.

          There are many causes of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when for

some reason, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the

insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is mainly

caused by lifestyle factors and genetics. Several lifestyle factors contribute

to the development of type 2 diabetes, including obesity (body mass index

greater than 30), lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, and

urbanization. Gestational diabetes is caused by hormonal changes during

pregnancy. The placenta produces hormones that make a pregnant

woman's cells less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This can lead to high

blood sugar during pregnancy. Women who are overweight during

pregnancy are more likely to develop gestational diabetes.

           If not treated properly, diabetes is a condition that can cause many

health complications. Possible acute complications may include diabetic

ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious

long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic

kidney disease, leg ulcers, nerve damage, eye damage, and cognitive

impairment.

            To avoid many health problems caused by diabetes mentioned

 above, it is necessary to know the condition of diabetes. Therefore, we

hope to present a complete description of diabetes in the next series of

articles. We will further discuss the types of diabetes,  causes, symptoms,

and tests, other related health problems and various treatment methods,

the diet of a diabetic patient, and the health tips to be followed and

controlled to prevent diabetes.